“This is not about bundling for discounts, which is clearly a deflationary exercise that will come back when the market recovers,” he told Upstream.

“This is about physically changing the architecture of a subsea development by removing unnecessary interfaces and duplication, and putting in place a streamlined system that can be installed more cheaply.

“Total project costs would be lower.”

Pferdehirt said FMC was never incentivised to make its equipment installable, which created problems and often increased costs, but this has now changed.