However, there are now signs the strategy may be undergoing a revival, albeit on a smaller scale.

Oil producing communities under the auspices of Hostcom, a non-governmental organisation comprising the oil and gas host communities of Nigeria, last week urged the government to award a minimum of 10 exploration licences to indigenous communities and also 10 modular licences for small-scale refineries with capacity to produce up to 3000 barrels per day of products.

Hostcom