Shell
has
already
invested
close
to
$4
billion
in
this
exploration
programme,
purchasing
leases
and
completing
preparatory
work
including
comprehensive
mitigation
and
safety
measures.
Beset
by
problems
—
chiefly
regulatory
and
environmental
—
the
company
is
closing
in
on
its
first
open-water
spud
in
the
region
in
over
20
years.
The
path
back
to
the
Arctic
became
harder
after
BP’s
2010
Macondo
disaster
in
the
deep-water
US
Gulf.
The
BP
well
gushed
uncontrolled
for
87
days,
spewing
more
than
four
million
barrels
of
crude
into
the
sea.
Answers
“Shell
was
very
close…