Bloomberg School of Public Health researchers found that being a mom-to-be living in the top quarter of most active shale areas was associated with a 40% greater likelihood of giving birth before 37 weeks and a 30% greater likelihood of having a pregnancy labeled high-risk.

The study tracked the health outcomes from 2009 to 2013 after Pennsylvania's shale boom, drawing on data from 9384 mothers who had 10,946 babies.

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