Dieter Helm, professor of energy policy at the UK’s Oxford University, also echoed a call by fellow speakers at an Oslo conference this week for a global carbon price to provide the necessary commercial incentive for countries to cut their carbon dioxide emissions.

The International Energy Agency’s (IEA) World Energy Outlook predicts the use of coal – which accounted for half of the increase in global energy demand over the past decade – is set to increase 65% by 2035, led by major consumers of the fuel China and India.

Furthermore,