Researchers said there was no evidence that trace contaminants in drinking water wells came from “deep hydraulic fracturing shale horizons, underground storage tanks, well casing failures, or surface waste containment ponds”.

Rather, the contaminants were consistent with surface spills. “The dominant chemicals that we found are industrial-sourced materials and do not have any known natural sources,” said Desiree Plata, assistant professor of chemical and environmental engineering at Yale.

However,