Macri forced a run-off with rival Daniel Scioli, the governor of Buenos Aires province, who was backed by President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, whose second and final mandate expires in December. Scioli, described by analysts as a centre-right candidate, tapped into discontent with Fernandez’ version of the Argentine brand of populism known as Peronism.

There are expectations that either winner would have to begin reversing the fiscal laxity seen under administrations run by Fernandez and her deceased husband Nestor Kirchner, while offering tax holidays for cash returning from abroad.