The vote is between President John Dramani Mahama of the ruling National Democratic Congress and New Patriotic Party (NPP) candidate Nana Akufo-Addo in what is expected to be a close contest.
Mahama, who took over as head of state following the death of John Atta Mills in July, insists he will restore transparency and end corruption in the petroleum sector.
Oil and gas revenues will be used to fund government spending on education, health, infrastructure, sanitation and other sectors, and local participation will finally be enforced under the current agreements and petroleum laws.
However,
