A major challenge with many of Kazakhstan’s huge oil and gas developments – including Tengiz, Karachaganak and Kashagan - is the transport of structures built locally and overseas to oilfield sites, writes Iain Esau.

For the Tengiz FG-MWP project, TengizChevroil awarded a consortium involving Denmark’s Blue Water Shipping and local player Kazmortransflot a contract in 2016 to supply transport and logistics services.