Numerous executives from PetroVietnam and its subsidiaries were jailed in 2003 and 2004 for skimming money from budgets.

The government jailed then-PetroVietnam head Nguyen Xuan Nham, and one of his deputies, over missing millions linked to the $1.5 billion Dung Quat oil refinery project. Both men were alleged to have pocketed large sums of money.

Executives from Vietsovpetro, the Vietnamese-Russian joint venture, and services company Petroleum Technical Services Corporation were also jailed.

Vietnam-based