However, she points to small achievements in domiciling some of the $20 billion annual expenditure, 95% of it in the upstream sector.

About 30,000 employment and training opportunities are run through Human Capacity Development Programmes organised by the Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF), though Nigeria actually needs to create 1 million jobs a year.

Oil and gas account for less than 14% of Nigeria’s gross domestic product, despite growth rates averaging 9% per annum.

However,